Even if the 20 bottom students attended the smallest possible number of concerts (i.e. Since each of the participants attended at least one concert per week during the 12 weeks of the experiment, all of the study participants must have attended at least 12 concerts. The term 'greatest' indicates that there are at least 3 different numbers of concerts attended by the students (as opposed to 'greater' to distinguish between 2 different numbers). We know that 20 students attended the fewest number of concerts, 10 students attended the greatest number of concerts, and the remaining 170 students attended some other number of concerts in between. Note that even if the study did demonstrate a positive effect of classical music on the majority of participants, it would still be uncertain whether this effect would hold for the majority of young adults. (C) This statement does not have to be true, since we have no information about the emotional progress of the vast majority of study participants. For example, they could have attended the concerts in their free time. (B) While each participant did spend at least 2 hours each week attending the concerts, there is no information in the argument that would suggest that the students reduced their study time. The fact that we have no information about the vast majority of participants demonstrates that the statement in this answer choice cannot be justified. The argument provides evidence about the emotional progress of only 30 participants. (A) This statement does not have to be true. When looking for the most probable conclusion, remember not to make any additional assumptions and choose the answer that directly follows from premises stated in the argument. the one that must be true based on the provided evidence. Our task is to provide the most probable conclusion for this argument, i.e. Note that the question stem contains only factual information and does not have a conclusion. The argument above provides a detailed description of a research study. For C, like A, you can't draw the conclusion, especially with the qualifier "the majority". For A, you don't know what their original emotional states/stress levels were, so you can't determine that they decreased - perhaps they all went up! For B, you don't know whether the participants set aside work time for the concerts or just used their spare time that would have been spent playing Playstation. The other four clearly don't fit the MUST be true criteria. You can also arrive at this from process of elimination. Since they distinguish the specific 10 who went to the MOST concerts, these 10 must have gone to at least 14. So, at the very least, the 20 who attended the fewest went to the bare minimum 12 concerts, while the other 180 all went to 13 or more concerts. They then differentiate between the 20 who attended the fewest, the 10 who attended the most, and the 170 who are in between. The logic is that everyone was required to attend at least 12 concerts. (D) is the only one which makes sense, but I don't really like it. (E) At least some of the students participated in the study in order to gain free access to classical concerts.Ī) Most of the 200 participants improved their emotional state and lowered their stress levels.ī) During each week of the experiment, the participants spent at least 2 hours less on their academic work as a result of concert attendance.Ĭ) Listening to classical music for at least 2 hours per week improves the emotional well-being of the majority of young adults.ĭ) More than 6 participants attended at least 14 concerts during the course of the experiment.Į) At least some of the students participated in the study in order to gain free access to classical concerts. (D) More than 6 participants attended at least 14 concerts during the course of the experiment. (C) Listening to classical music for at least 2 hours per week improves the emotional well-being of the majority of young adults. (B) During each week of the experiment, the participants spent at least 2 hours less on their academic work as a result of concert attendance. (A) Most of the 200 participants improved their emotional state and lowered their stress levels. Which of the following must be true based on the evidence presented above? Also, most of the 20 students who attended the fewest number of concerts reported below-average levels of emotional comfort. Based on the results of the questionnaires, all of the 10 students who attended the greatest number of concerts reported lower stress levels and higher satisfaction with their lives. At the end of the experiment, all of the students filled out a questionnaire assessing their emotional state. Each of the 200 participants attended at least 1 two-hour concert of classical music per week over the course of 12 weeks of their spring semester. A recent research study of undergraduate students analyzed the effects of music on human emotions.
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